PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA is negatively charged because of the presence of phosphate groups in nucleotides. The phosphate backbone of DNA is negatively charged, which is due to the presence of bonds created between the phosphorus and oxygen atoms.

Detailed explanation-2: -In double-stranded DNA, the molecular double-helix shape is formed by two linear sugar-phosphate backbones that run opposite each other and twist together in a helical shape. The sugar-phosphate backbone is negatively charged and hydrophilic, which allows the DNA backbone to form bonds with water.

Detailed explanation-3: -One of the many reasons why DNA is negatively charged is because of its phosphate backbone. The negatively charged phosphate groups repel each other, making the DNA backbone relatively stable. Additionally, the negative charge on DNA helps to stabilize the molecule’s structure and keep the individual strands separated.