PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first method, called restriction enzyme cloning, cuts both the DNA fragment of interest and vector with the same restriction enzyme, therefore, the ends will have complementary single-stranded overhangs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Steps of DNA cloning Cut open the plasmid and “paste” in the gene. This process relies on restriction enzymes (which cut DNA) and DNA ligase (which joins DNA). Insert the plasmid into bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -A bacterium uses a restriction enzyme to defend against bacterial viruses called bacteriophages, or phages. When a phage infects a bacterium, it inserts its DNA into the bacterial cell so that it might be replicated. The restriction enzyme prevents replication of the phage DNA by cutting it into many pieces.

Detailed explanation-4: -Restriction enzymes are an important tool in genomic research: by cutting DNA at a specific site, they create a space wherein foreign DNA can be introduced for gene-editing purposes.

Detailed explanation-5: -In genetic engineering, restriction enzymes are used for cutting DNA fragments. A restriction enzyme (or restriction endonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts any DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences (known as restriction sites).