PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA is negatively charged, therefore, when an electric current is applied to the gel, DNA will migrate towards the positively charged electrode. Shorter strands of DNA move more quickly through the gel than longer strands resulting in the fragments being arranged in order of size.

Detailed explanation-2: -Shorter DNA segments find more pores that they can wiggle through, longer DNA segments need to do more squeezing and up or down moving. For this reason, shorter DNA segments move through their lane at a faster rate than longer DNA segments.

Detailed explanation-3: -Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Lower molecular weight (lower length) DNAs will move faster through gel matrix pores than larger ones. However, the shape of a DNA molecule also plays a role in its movement, with the fastest moving form known as “supercoiled” DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -The higher the voltage, the faster the DNA will travel through the gel. However, voltages that are too high can possibly melt the gel or cause smearing or distortion of DNA bands. The gel concentration and volume (thickness) affect electrophoretic separation.