PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, typically when the muscles of blood vessel walls become constricted, causing the vessel lumen to become smaller. Vasoconstriction can be a reaction to cold, stress, cigarette smoking, medications, or underlying medical conditions, such as the Raynaud phenomenon.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cryotherapy and Moist Heat Maximum vasoconstriction occurs at tissue temperatures of 15 °C (59 °F). Normal skin temperature is 31 °C to 33 °C. The superficial vasculature has a sympathetic innervation that produces vasoconstriction when stimulated.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a group of disorders characterized by severe headaches and a narrowing of the blood vessels in the brain. RCVS is reversible and patients often recover within three months; the condition is frequently missed and is more common than most physicians realize.

Detailed explanation-4: -Vasoconstriction phase. Primary hemostasis is characterized by vasoconstriction, which is the initial phase for stopping the blood flow10. Vascular spasm occurs whenever there is an injury or damage to the blood vessels. This will trigger a vasoconstriction, which could eventually stop the blood flow.