PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Histamine is released at the mucosal surfaces as a result of exposure to foreign particles. This histamine release causes the capillaries to become more permeable to white blood cells, which move into the capillaries and proceed to target and attack foreign bodies in the affected tissue.

Detailed explanation-2: -These observations suggested that histamine increases vascular permeability mainly by nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vascular dilation and subsequent blood flow increase and maybe partially by PKC/ROCK/NO-dependent endothelial barrier disruption.

Detailed explanation-3: -Summarizing the present results, we showed for the first time that histamine-releasing agents, also possessing antimicrobial activity, caused the permeabilization of membranes in both bacteria and mast cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Histamine regulates a plethora of pathophysiological and physiological processes, such as secretion of gastric acid, inflammation, and the regulation of vasodilatation and bronchoconstriction (29, 30). In addition, it can also serve as a neurotransmitter (31).

Detailed explanation-5: -It is suggested that histamine increases the permeability of the capillaries due to a direct action on the capillary membrane. Additional increases in hydrostatic capillary pressure may contribute to net capillary filtration induced by histamine.