PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During acute inflammatory responses, leukocyte-derived mediators such histamine and bradykinin will cause arteriolar dilation thereby increasing blood flow leading to rubor.

Detailed explanation-2: -Erythema (from Greek erythros ‘red’) is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes.

Detailed explanation-3: -These include the hormones bradykinin and histamine. They cause the small blood vessels in the tissue to become wider (dilate), allowing more blood to reach the injured tissue. For this reason, inflamed areas turn red and feel hot.

Detailed explanation-4: -Blood flow changes The higher blood flow causes the signs of rubor and calor. Mast cells, basophils and platelets at the injury site release histamine. This leads to the blood vessels becoming more permeable and the formation of an exudate (protein-rich fluid) within the tissues.

Detailed explanation-5: -Redness is caused by the dilation of small blood vessels in the area of injury. Heat results from increased blood flow through the area and is experienced only in peripheral parts of the body such as the skin.