PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Blood clots that form on the broken ends of bone are the start of the healing process.

Detailed explanation-2: -Inflammatory phase (duration: hours–days): Broken bones result in torn blood vessels and the formation of a blood clot or haematoma. The inflammatory reaction results in the release of cytokines, growth factors and prostaglandins, all of which are important in healing.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bone healing can be viewed as a three-stage biological phase (inflammation, repair, and remodeling) which can be further divided into six main sub-steps: hematoma, inflammation, soft callus formation, hard callus formation, remodeling, bone healing.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bone fracture is an injury, and thus incites an inflammatory response, which peaks 24 h following the injury and is complete by the first week. During this time, a complex cascade of proinflammatory signals and growth factors are released in a temporally and spatially controlled manner.

Detailed explanation-5: -Inflammatory Phase: starts at the time of injury and lasts 1-2 weeks. Bleeding around the fracture organizes into a fracture hematoma or clot on the bone ends.