PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The leaflets and cusps that make up the heart valves are made up of layers of connective tissue that are histologically divided into three layers. The semilunar valves are divided into: Ventricularis-which is in direct contact with pulsatile blood and directed toward the ventricles.

Detailed explanation-2: -The mature valve structure is made up of highly organized ECM that is compartmentalized into three layers, the fibrosa, spongiosa, and either the ventricularis of the SL valves or the atrialis of the AV valves (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-3: -Valve bodies are usually metallic or plastic. Brass, bronze, gunmetal, cast iron, steel, alloy steels and stainless steels are very common.