PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. Valves are actually flaps (leaflets) that act as one-way inlets for blood coming into a ventricle and one-way outlets for blood leaving a ventricle. Normal valves have 3 flaps (leaflets), except the mitral valve. It only has 2 flaps.

Detailed explanation-2: -The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood.

Detailed explanation-3: -The blood that is meant to leave the ventricles to travel to the body is supposed to be prevented from flowing in the wrong direction by the parts of the aortic and pulmonary valves called the cusps. The cusps help the valves create a tight seal, which helps blood flow in the correct direction.