PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An antibody (formally called immunoglobulin) is a large Y-shaped glycoprotein produced by B-cells and used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens. Antibodies are produced by B cells, and are either secreted into circulation or remain expressed on the surface of the B cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Antibodies are produced by B cells (specialized white blood cells).

Detailed explanation-3: -An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

Detailed explanation-4: -In addition to IgM, B1 B cells also produce polyreactive IgA antibodies that contribute to mucosal immunity along with IgA secreted by FO B cells (8).