PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -How vaccines help. Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body. Newer vaccines contain the blueprint for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself.

Detailed explanation-2: -Immunization is a risk-mitigation strategy that matches asset and liability duration so portfolio values are protected against interest rate changes. Immunization can be accomplished by cash flow matching, duration matching, convexity matching, and trading forwards, futures, and options on bonds.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vaccination (immunization) is a way to trigger the immune response. Small doses of an antigen, such as dead or weakened live viruses, are given to activate immune system “memory” (activated B cells and sensitized T cells).