PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An antibody is a protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Examples of antigens include microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) and chemicals.

Detailed explanation-2: -Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides– two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a “Y” shaped molecule. The amino acid sequence in the tips of the “Y” varies greatly among different antibodies.

Detailed explanation-3: -Antibodies are proteins. Each antibody has four polypeptides (peptides that consist of two or more amino acids), including two heavy chains and two light chains.

Detailed explanation-4: -An Antibody Molecule Is Composed of Heavy and Light Chains The basic structural unit of an antibody molecule consists of four polypeptide chains, two identical light (L) chains (each containing about 220 amino acids) and two identical heavy (H) chains (each usually containing about 440 amino acids).

Detailed explanation-5: -(AN-tee-BAH-dee) A protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response).