PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Effector B cells can begin secreting antibody while they are still small lymphocytes, but the end stage of their maturation pathway is a large plasma cell (see Figure 24-7B), which continuously secretes antibodies at the astonishing rate of about 2000 molecules per second.

Detailed explanation-2: -Effector B cells secrete antibodies. In their most mature form, called plasma cells, they are filled with an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (Figure 24-7B). In contrast, effector T cells (Figure 24-7C) contain very little endoplasmic reticulum and do not secrete antibodies.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plasma cells: Plasma cells release antibodies in response to antigens. Once a B-cell becomes a mature plasma cell, it can release up to 2, 000 antibodies per second. Plasma cells are also called plasmacytes or effector cells. They have a shorter lifespan than memory cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -B cells create antibodies. B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them. For example, an antibody can bind to a virus, which prevents it from entering a normal cell and causing infection.

Detailed explanation-5: -There are 3 types of lymphocytes. T cells recognize antigens and activate the B cells. They can also kill viruses and cancer cells. B cells develop into plasma cells that make antibodies to fight infection.