PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are two layers of B-cell memory: long-lived memory B cells and protective humoral memory provided by long-lived plasma cells. Memory B cells provide reactive memory, whereas long-lived plasma cells provide active protective memory. For efficient long-term humoral protection, both are required.

Detailed explanation-2: -Once B-cells are activated, they become plasma cells that produce antibodies in response to an antigen. Or they become memory cells that remember the antigen so your immune system can quickly identify and fight it in the future.

Detailed explanation-3: -Figure: B memory cells: B lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that make antibodies to invading pathogens like viruses. They form memory cells that remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production in future infections.