PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are several types of antigens, categorized by where they come from. These include exogenous antigens, endogenous antigens, autoantigens and tumor antigens.

Detailed explanation-2: -These specialized cells and parts of the immune system offer the body protection against disease. This protection is called immunity. Humans have three types of immunity-innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate immunity: Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cancer cells can even turn off the immune response so that the immune cells don’t attack them. Also, people with cancer often have a weakened immune system. The immune system gets weakened when the cancer itself or cancer treatment, like chemotherapy or radiation therapy, affects the bone marrow.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antibodies help the body to fight microbes or the toxins (poisons) they produce. They do this by recognising substances called antigens on the surface of the microbe, or in the chemicals they produce, which mark the microbe or toxin as being foreign. The antibodies then mark these antigens for destruction.