PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Receptors on the cell surface bind ligand molecules on the target, such as a pathogen, dead cell, or bead. As receptors bind more and more ligand molecules, the cell membrane progressively engulfs the target. Upon full engulfment, a phagosome is formed, which fuses with lysosomes, leading to digestion of the target.

Detailed explanation-2: -A type of white blood cell, granulocyte, and phagocyte that aids in fighting infection. Neutrophils kill pathogens by ingesting them. Phagocytes eat up pathogens by attaching to and wrapping around the pathogen to engulf it. Once the pathogen is trapped inside the phagocyte, it is in a compartment called a phagosome.

Detailed explanation-3: -Phagocytosis consists in recognition and ingestion of particles larger than 0.5 m into a plasma membrane derived vesicle, known as phagosome. Phagocytes can ingest microbial pathogens, but importantly also apoptotic cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phagocytosis: Engulfment of bacteria by white blood cells and engulfment of food particles by cells are examples for phagocytosis. Pinocytosis: Uptaking of enzymes and hormones from the extracellular fluid is an example for pinocytosis.