PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Innate immune responses are not specific to a particular pathogen in the way that the adaptive immune responses are. They depend on a group of proteins and phagocytic cells that recognize conserved features of pathogens and become quickly activated to help destroy invaders.

Detailed explanation-2: -Innate immunity is the first immunological, non-specific mechanism for fighting against infections. This immune response is rapid, occurring minutes or hours after aggression and is mediated by numerous cells including phagocytes, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils, as well as the complement system.

Detailed explanation-3: -Activation of the innate immune system is initiated by soluble pattern recognition molecules, which may be expressed on innate immune cells, bound to the extracellular matrix, or circulate in the blood as soluble molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -The cells and molecules of innate immunity are rapidly activated by encounter with microbes or other “danger signals.” The rapidity of the response is essential because of the fast doubling time of typical bacteria.