PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hemolysins or haemolysins are lipids and proteins that cause lysis of red blood cells by disrupting the cell membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hemolysins damage the red blood cell’s cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death.

Detailed explanation-3: -Function. Hemolysin (HL) is exotoxin from bacteria which causes lysis of red blood cells. -hemolysin from the bacterium Clostridium are called alpha-toxin. They are zinc metalloenzymes which bind to the membrane in the presence of calcium.

Detailed explanation-4: -alpha-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus assembles from a water-soluble, monomeric species to a membrane-bound heptamer on the surface of target cells, creating water-filled channels that lead to cell death and lysis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Alpha hemolysis () is defined as incomplete/partial lysis of red blood cells. This causes formation of a green or brown discoloration around the bacterial colony in the medium. Alpha hemolysis is caused by hydrogen peroxide produced by the bacterium, oxidizing hemoglobin to green methemoglobin.