PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Once activated, the macrophage can kill intracellular and ingested bacteria. Activated macrophages can also cause local tissue damage, which explains why this activity must be strictly regulated by antigen-specific T cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -By eliciting massive leukocyte infiltration and flooding the surrounding tissue with inflammatory mediators, pro-apoptotic factors, and matrix degrading proteases, the classically activated macrophage is capable of dismantling tissues to the point of inflicting serious injury.

Detailed explanation-3: -Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the human immune system and carry out various functions including engulfing and digesting microorganisms; clearing out debris and dead cells; and stimulating other cells involved in immune function.

Detailed explanation-4: -It is important to remember that macrophages become classically activated by exposure to two signals. The first is the obligatory cytokine IFN-, which primes macrophages for activation but does not in itself activate macrophages [7]. The second signal is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) itself or an inducer of TNF.