PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Bacterial toxins are among the deadliest poisons known and include famous examples such as tetanus, anthrax or botulinum toxin, known as Botox in its commercial application.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pathogens can produce enzymes that disrupt normal tissue and allow for further invasion into the tissues. Pathogens can produce toxins that interfere with protein function deemed necessary by the host cell for proper maintenance.

Detailed explanation-3: -Host-selective toxins (HSTs) are toxic only to host plants of the fungus that produces the toxin. In contrast, nonspecific toxins can affect many plants regardless of whether they are a host or non-host of the producing pathogen.

Detailed explanation-4: -Thus, toxins and other virulence determinants are simply mechanisms for gaining access to environments in our bodies and to the nutrients sequestered within them, for releasing these nutrients in usable form, and then for moving to new hosts when they are expended.