PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -T cells can detect the presence of an intracellular pathogen because infected cells display on their surface peptide fragments derived from the pathogen’s proteins. These foreign peptides are delivered to the cell surface by specialized host-cell glycoproteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -T cells are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer.

Detailed explanation-3: -Innate immune cells recognize certain molecules found on many pathogens. These cells also react to signaling molecules released by the body in response to infection. Through these actions, innate immune cells quickly begin fighting an infection.

Detailed explanation-4: -tuberculosis and S. typhimurium [21]. MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells support memory CD8+ T cell responses [2, 3] and are important for protective immunity against bacterial infections, such as M. tuberculosis s [44], S.