PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of turning genes on and off is known as gene regulation. Gene regulation is an important part of normal development. Genes are turned on and off in different patterns during development to make a brain cell look and act different from a liver cell or a muscle cell, for example.

Detailed explanation-2: -It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gene expression be thought of as an “on/off switch” to control when and where RNA molecules and proteins are made and as a “volume control” to determine how much of those products are made. The process of gene expression is carefully regulated, changing substantially under different conditions and cell types.

Detailed explanation-4: -So, Regulatory genes are involved in turning off or on, the transcription of a set of genes. Operator gene-It controls the synthesis of mRNA over the structural genes.

Detailed explanation-5: -When a gene is turned off, it no longer provides the directions for making proteins. This means that the proteins needed to fulfill a particular job–say, tolerate lactase–aren’t produced.