PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them. For example, an antibody can bind to a virus, which prevents it from entering a normal cell and causing infection.

Detailed explanation-2: -Follicular helper T Cells (Tfh). There, they induce the formation of germinal centers, the transformation of B Cells into plasma cells, the production of antibodies with different isotypes, and the production of memory B Cells (35).

Detailed explanation-3: -B-cells produce antibodies to fight bacteria and viruses. These antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that are specific to each pathogen and are able to lock onto the surface of an invading cell and mark it for destruction by other immune cells.