PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each antibody molecule is essentially identical to the antigen receptor of the B cell that produced it. The basic structure of these proteins consists of two pairs of polypeptide chains (lengths of amino acids linked by peptide bonds) that form a flexible Y shape.

Detailed explanation-2: -These are cell surface receptors that are attached to the plasma membrane. The B-Cells produce protein structures called antibodies. The B-cell receptors attach to free moving antigens. They bind to the foreign organism/pathogen and activate the Immune System.

Detailed explanation-3: -An antibody protein is essentially a secreted form of a B cell receptor. (In fact, surface immunoglobulin is another name for the B cell receptor.) Not surprisingly, the same genes encode both the secreted antibodies and the surface immunoglobulins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each B cell produces a single species of antibody, each with a unique antigen-binding site.

Detailed explanation-5: -B cells respond to antigens by engagement of their B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and of coreceptors through which signals from helper T cells or pathogen-associated molecular patterns are delivered.