PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Superantigens are unusual bacterial toxins that interact with exceedingly large numbers of T4-lymphocytes. They bind to the surface of the target cell but do not enter the cell. Figure 16.6. 1: Binding of Peptide Epitopes from Exogenous Antigens to MHC-II Molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, life-threatening complication of certain types of bacterial infections. Often toxic shock syndrome results from toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria, but the condition may also be caused by toxins produced by group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -The ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, secrete pyrogenic exotoxins called superantigens because they evoke a vastly exaggerated immune response that renders them lethal to humans [1].

Detailed explanation-4: -Superantigens have been associated with many illnesses caused by S. aureus infections. One of the most well-recognized diseases is Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), a potentially lethal febrile illness related to multiorgan dysfunction that occurs as a consequence of the cytokine storm produced by SAgs.

Detailed explanation-5: -6.2A: Type I Toxins: Superantigens.