PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them. For example, an antibody can bind to a virus, which prevents it from entering a normal cell and causing infection.

Detailed explanation-2: -The T lymphocytes are regulators of adaptive function, serving as primary effectors for cell-mediated immunity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Armed effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells are essential in host defense against pathogens that live in the cytosol, the commonest of which are viruses. These cytotoxic T cells can kill any cell harboring such pathogens by recognizing foreign peptides that are transported to the cell surface bound to MHC class I molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -T cells that mature into cytotoxic or killer T cells mainly destroy pathogen-infected cells, damaged cells, and cancer cells by rupturing the cell membrane. Whereas, T cells that mature into helper T cells facilitate B cells to execute antibody-mediated immune responses.