PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Antibodies are produced by your immune system when you’re exposed to viruses like HIV. Antigens are foreign substances that cause your immune system to activate. If you have HIV, an antigen called p24 is produced even before antibodies develop. HIV tests are typically performed on blood or oral fluid.

Detailed explanation-2: -The initial free antibodies to HIV-1 are anti-gp41 IgM antibodies, followed by class switching to IgG and IgA antibodies [6].

Detailed explanation-3: -HIV finds the white blood cells, called CD4 cells. HIV gets inside the CD4 cell and makes copies of itself. Then, HIV kills the CD4 cell and the new HIV copies find other CD4 cells to get inside and start the cycle again. HIV kills immune system cells that help the body fight infections and diseases.

Detailed explanation-4: -The body usually begins making antibodies within days of HIV infection. Usually enough antibodies are made within several weeks that are detected by an HIV antibody test. HIV antibody tests indicate the presence of HIV, but do not directly detect the virus.

Detailed explanation-5: -If a person has HIV, an antigen called p24 is produced before antibodies develop. Antigen/antibody tests are recommended for testing done in labs and are common in the United States. An antigen/antibody test performed by a lab on blood from a vein can usually detect HIV 18 to 45 days after exposure.