PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against germs entering the body. It responds in the same way to all germs and foreign substances, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the “nonspecific” immune system.

Detailed explanation-2: -The innate immune responses are the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They are also required to initiate specific adaptive immune responses. Innate immune responses rely on the body’s ability to recognize conserved features of pathogens that are not present in the uninfected host.

Detailed explanation-3: -The main job of the innate immune system is to fight harmful substances and germs that enter the body, for instance through the skin or digestive system. The adaptive (specific) immune system makes antibodies and uses them to specifically fight certain germs that the body has previously come into contact with.

Detailed explanation-4: -Innate immunity can be viewed as comprising four types of defensive barriers: anatomic (skin and mucous membrane), physiologic (temperature, low pH and chemical mediators), endocytic and phagocytic, and inflammatory. Table 1 summarizes the non-specific host-defense mechanisms for each of these barriers.

Detailed explanation-5: -recruit immune cells to infection sites by producing chemical factors, including chemical mediators called cytokines. activate the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells. More items