PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The extracellular spaces are protected by the humoral immune response, in which antibodies produced by B cells cause the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevent the spread of intracellular infections. The activation of B cells and their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells (Fig.

Detailed explanation-2: -B cells create antibodies. These antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, to neutralize them. For example, an antibody can bind to a virus, which prevents it from entering a normal cell and causing infection. B cells can also recruit other cells to help destroy an infected cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Humoral immunity can be subdivided into active and passive immunity. In active immunity the person actively makes an antibody after exposure to a foreign antigen.