PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte’s surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first step in phagocytosis is the detection of the particle by phagocytes. This, as mentioned before, is accomplished by specialized receptors on the cell membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -Macrophages. Macrophages are derived from monocytes and are found in the tissues. They have a major role as a first defence mechanism in phagocytosis of cellular debris, microbes and any other foreign substances.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phagocytosis is defined as the engulfment of large particulate antigens, such as bacterial pathogens, in a process requiring actin remodeling to form a cup around the particle that eventually closes to form a phagosome (reviewed in (1, 2)).