PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Based on visual observation, the ancients characterised inflammation by five cardinal signs, namely redness (rubor), swelling (tumour), heat (calor; only applicable to the body’ extremities), pain (dolor) and loss of function (functio laesa).

Detailed explanation-2: -Classic (cardinal) signs of inflammation include pain, redness on the skin, heat, swelling, and stiffness. Inflammation, in the short term, helps tackle infections and encourages the regeneration of muscle after an injury. However, if it persists long term, it can be linked with problems such as arthritis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Included among these mediators are arachidonic acid derivatives (leukotrienes and prostaglandins), vasoactive peptides (kinins), phospholipid mediators (platelet activating factor), and cytokines (interleukins and other bioresponse modifiers).

Detailed explanation-4: -Redness. Heat. Swelling. Pain. Loss of function. 23-Nov-2010