PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Phagocytic cells consist of granulocytes (i.e., neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells), monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells participate in not only the phagocytosis but also the inflammatory process.

Detailed explanation-2: -It is now recognized that inflammation induced by microbial infection and tissue damage is an essential mechanism of innate immune response.

Detailed explanation-3: -DAMPs AND PAMPs TRIGGER THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE DAMPs are endogenous molecules normally found in cells that get released during necrosis and contribute to sterile inflammation.

Detailed explanation-4: -The innate immune system can be categorized into three defense mechanisms: (1) physical barriers, (2) cellular components, and (3) humoral responses (15). As will be discussed, the functions of these defense mechanisms are highly conserved between fish and mammals.