PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -CTLs, a subclass of T cells, function to clear infections directly. The cell-mediated part of the adaptive immune system consists of CTLs that attack and destroy infected cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -The adaptive immune system is made up of: T lymphocytes in the tissue between the body’s cells. B lymphocytes, also found in the tissue between the body’s cells. Antibodies in the blood and other bodily fluids.

Detailed explanation-4: -The adaptive immune response in B cells, Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells involved four phases: encounter, activation, attack, and memory.

Detailed explanation-5: -A type of white blood cell. T cells are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer. Also called T lymphocyte and thymocyte.