PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In transduction, donor DNA packaged in a bacteriophage infects the recipient bacterium. In conjugation, the donor bacterium transfers DNA to the recipient by mating. Recombination is the rearrangement of donor and recipient genomes to form new, hybrid genomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transfer of genetic material occurs during the process of bacterial conjugation. During this process, DNA plasmid is transferred from one bacterium (the donor) of a mating pair into another (the recipient) via a pilus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bacteria exchange DNA by three mechanisms: natural transformation, conjugation, and transduction. Transformation occurs when naked DNA is taken up from the environment.

Detailed explanation-5: -Conjugation is a gene transfer process in which a recipient bacterium receives DNA from a donor bacterium by cell-to-cell contact through conjugative pili. Conjugation is mediated by certain plasmids or transposons.