PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mechanism by which the pathogen moves from the reservoir into the patient is known as transmission such as by drinking contaminated water. The portals of entry are mucosal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cutaneous.

Detailed explanation-2: -Portals of entry and exit in horizontal transmission include all body surfaces, or the blood stream, by arthropod bite. Vertical transmission may occur in the ovum, via the placenta, during birth, or in the colostrum or milk. The mode of exit is not necessarily the same as the portal of entry.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nose, mouth, or eyes to hands to others: Germs can spread to the hands by sneezing, coughing, or rubbing the eyes and then can be transferred to other family members or friends. Hands to food: Food to hands to food: Infected child to hands to other children: Animals to people: 04-Oct-2022