PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -These infections include catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, surgical site infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and Clostridium difficile infections.

Detailed explanation-2: -Based on the origin of microorganisms, nosocomial infections are divided into endogenous caused by microorganisms of the patient’s microflora and exogenous caused by microorganisms from the environment or by the same microorganism isolated elsewhere from patient’s body (2).

Detailed explanation-3: -Some patients are at greater risk than others-young children, the elderly, and persons with compromised immune systems are more likely to get an infection. Other risk factors are long hospital stays, the use of indwelling catheters, failure of healthcare workers to wash their hands, and overuse of antibiotics.