PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Overview. Adenylate cyclase toxin is another important virulence factor secreted by B. pertussis (and also by other closely related Bordetella species). It is an immunogenic protein and can elicit a protective immune response, but it has not been included as a component of acellular pertussis vaccines.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bordetella pertussis produces several toxins that affect host-pathogen interactions. Of these, the major toxins that contribute to pertussis infection and disease are pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin and tracheal cytotoxin.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection.

Detailed explanation-4: -The adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (ACT, AC-Hly or CyaA) is a key virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis. It targets bactericidal activities of phagocytes, such as oxidative burst and complement-or antibody-mediated opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria.