PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -After isolating the mold and identifying it as belonging to the Penicillium genus, Fleming obtained an extract from the mold, naming its active agent penicillin. He determined that penicillin had an antibacterial effect on staphylococci and other gram-positive pathogens.

Detailed explanation-2: -Selman Abraham Waksman (1888-1973) was born in the rural Ukrainian town of Novaya Priluka. The town and its nearby villages were surrounded by a rich black soil that supported abundant agricultural life.

Detailed explanation-3: -The first patient Albert Alexander, a 43-year-old policeman, was treated with penicillin on 12 February 1941. The stories normally have it that Albert Alexander had scratched his face on a rose bush, the wound had become infected and the infection had spread.