PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns-Second-degree burns (also called partial-thickness burns) involve the top two layers of skin. These burns form blisters, are very painful, may seep fluid, and blanch when pressed (picture 2).

Detailed explanation-2: -Fluid in the blister is ultrafiltrate of the plasma, which is rich in proteins such as immunoglobulins, various cytokines, prostaglandins, and interleukins. This fluid is pro-inflammatory, and the evidence regarding its effect on wound healing is varied.

Detailed explanation-3: -Each burn type instigates a wound healing response consisting of three over-lapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling [5, 6]. The response starts with release of histamine, free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, which increase vasodilation and tissue oedema.

Detailed explanation-4: -Second-Degree or Partial-Thickness Burns There is damage to the top layer or epidermis and some damage to the second layer of skin or dermis. There are blisters, which may be broken or intact, and swelling. The skin under the blisters is wet, weepy, pink and painful.