PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The second line of defense is nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals: Phagocytic cells ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into body tissues. For example macrophages are cells derived from monocytes (a type of white blood cell).

Detailed explanation-2: -The second line of defense are the non-specific phagocytes and other internal mechanisms that comprise innate immunity. The third line of defense are the specific lymphocytes that produce antibodies as part of the adaptive immune response.

Detailed explanation-3: -Second Line of Defense – Risk Management and Compliance The second line supports management to help ensure risk and controls are effectively managed. Management establishes various risk management and compliance functions to help build and/or monitor the first line-of-defense controls.

Detailed explanation-4: -Natural barriers include the skin, mucous membranes, tears, earwax, mucus, and stomach acid. Also, the normal flow of urine washes out microorganisms that enter the urinary tract.