PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When you have an autoimmune disorder, your immune system does not distinguish between healthy tissue and potentially harmful antigens. As a result, the body sets off a reaction that destroys normal tissues. The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown.

Detailed explanation-2: -Autoimmunity is caused by the breakdown in self and nonself discrimination. Autoimmunity is not caused by the lost of discrimination of self by innate immunity since non-vertebrates do not develop autoimmune disease, as evolution has only selected germ-line system of discrimination of nonself pathogens.

Detailed explanation-3: -The capacity of the immune system to recognize self-antigens and accept the presence of normal cells is known as self-tolerance. When self-tolerance fails, it can result in autoimmunity, whereby the immune system may fail to discriminate self from nonself and attack normal cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -That is, the immune system must be able to distinguish what is nonself (foreign) from what is self. The immune system can make this distinction because all cells have identification molecules (antigens) on their surface. Microorganisms are recognized because the identification molecules on their surface are foreign.

Detailed explanation-5: -That is, the immune system must be able to distinguish what is nonself (foreign) from what is self. The immune system can make this distinction because all cells have identification molecules (antigens) on their surface. Microorganisms are recognized because the identification molecules on their surface are foreign.