PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When tissue is first injured, the small blood vessels in the damaged area constrict momentarily, a process called vasoconstriction. Following this transient event, which is believed to be of little importance to the inflammatory response, the blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), increasing blood flow into the area.

Detailed explanation-2: -The body always responds to an injury with a predictable inflammatory response, as the first step towards healing. Redness, heat, swelling and pain are associated with this first stage. Redness and heat are caused by increased blood flow.

Detailed explanation-3: -The inflammatory response (inflammation) occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.

Detailed explanation-4: -Inflammation is the body’s normal response to injuries or infections. Cells of the immune system travel to the site of injury or infection and cause inflammation to protect and heal the area.

Detailed explanation-5: -Acute inflammation is the immediate response, characterized by the increased movement of plasma and leukocytes (such as neutrophils and macrophages) from the blood into the injured site/tissues [3, 4].