PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Adipose tissue inflammation is initiated and sustained over time by dysfunctional adipocytes that secrete inflammatory adipokines and by infiltration of bone marrow-derived immune cells that signal via production of cytokines and chemokines.

Detailed explanation-2: -Such chronic low-grade inflammation is an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), some cancers, and many other metabolic diseases associated with obesity, inactivity, and aging.

Detailed explanation-3: -Adipose tissue macrophage numbers increase in obesity and participate in inflammatory pathways that are activated in adipose tissues of obese individuals.

Detailed explanation-4: -The majority of patients with obesity have an impaired adipose tissue function caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors which lead to adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, a variety of stresses and inflammatory processes within adipose tissue.