PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The four cardinal signs of inflammation are redness (Latin rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor). Redness is caused by the dilation of small blood vessels in the area of injury.

Detailed explanation-2: -Inflammation can be recognized clinically by 5 cardinal signs: rubor (redness), calor (warmth), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and functio laesa (loss of function). These clinical signs can be explained by the biochemical and cellular processes activated during the inflammatory response.

Detailed explanation-3: -These include the hormones bradykinin and histamine. They cause the small blood vessels in the tissue to become wider (dilate), allowing more blood to reach the injured tissue. For this reason, inflamed areas turn red and feel hot.

Detailed explanation-4: -The cardinal signs of inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function.