PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lymphatic obstruction is a blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to travel where they are needed. Lymphatic obstruction may cause lymphedema, which means swelling due to a blockage of the lymph passages.

Detailed explanation-2: -Obstruction of the thoracic duct(s) causes chronic upper extremity lymphedema. Lymphatics have bicuspid valves like the venous system. Metaplastic fibrosis resulting from obstruction of lymph drainage in the upper extremities impedes vertebral venous plexus / Batson’s plexus circulation.

Detailed explanation-3: -A blockage of the thoracic duct would impair the drainage of lymph from inferior to the diaphragm and from the left side of the head and thorax, retarding the return of lymph to the venous blood and promoting the accumulation of fluid in the limbs.