PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Because the adaptive immune system can learn and remember specific pathogens, it can provide long-lasting defense and protection against recurrent infections.

Detailed explanation-2: -First line of defense: Owns and manages risks/risk owners/managers. Second line of defense: Oversees risks/risk control and compliance. Third line of defense: Provides independent assurance/risk assurance.

Detailed explanation-3: -The second line of defence is a group of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body. This is the immune system.

Detailed explanation-4: -Immune memory is a function of specificity and longevity-the ability of antigen-specific cells of the immune system to recognize and “remember” pathogens previously encountered and to produce a qualitatively and quantitatively different response (i.e., faster or more robust) than the first encounter.