PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Astrocytes not only regulate blood flow, but also transfer mitochondria to neurons, and supply the building blocks of neurotransmitters, which fuel neuronal metabolism [2, 11, 57]. In addition, astrocytes can phagocytose synapses, alter neurotrophin secretion, and clear debris [14, 58].

Detailed explanation-2: -Astrocytes form neurovascular units. (a) Astrocytes connect neurons and blood vessels directly. In the cortical gray matter, astrocytes extend highly branched thin processes, whose tips enclose the pre-and post-synapses of neurons. This structure is called “tripartite synapse” (left).