PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The threshold potential opens voltage-gated sodium channels and causes a large influx of sodium ions. This phase is called the depolarization.

Detailed explanation-2: -Action potentials are considered an “all-or nothing” event, in that, once the threshold potential is reached, the neuron always completely depolarizes. Once depolarization is complete, the cell must now “reset” its membrane voltage back to the resting potential.

Detailed explanation-3: -The resting potential of an excitable cell like a neuron or muscle cell is the electrical potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell. The inside is more negative and the outside is more positive, creating a resting potential of approximately-90 to-30 mV.