PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Extrinsic autonomic influence modulates activity – parasympathetic activity tends to increase peristalsis and sympathetic activity to inhibit it.

Detailed explanation-2: -Presbyesophagus manifests as failure of the primary peristaltic wave with intermittent tertiary contractions. Many other diseases can cause diminished peristalsis, including severe esophagitis, diabetes, alcoholism, hyperthyroidism, anticholinergic medications, and surgical vagotomy.

Detailed explanation-3: -The sympathetic nervous system moves blood away to other organs, interferes with the regular contractions of the muscles along the digestive tract and decreases secretions needed for proper digestion.