PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Active zone, a specialized area on the presynaptic membrane of a nerve cell at which synaptic vesicles fuse to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and transmit signals to the next synapse or muscle.

Detailed explanation-2: -Neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals is a central component of synaptic transmission, the main process by which neurons communicate with each other and with target cells. Neurotransmitter is packaged inside small vesicles in the presynaptic nerve terminal.

Detailed explanation-3: -In a nerve terminal, the presynaptic action potential is translated into a membrane fusion reaction that releases neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are released through exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (Katz, 1969).

Detailed explanation-4: -A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.

Detailed explanation-5: -The presynaptic terminal is at the end of an axon and is the place where the electrical signal (the action potential) is converted into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter release). The postsynaptic terminal membrane is less than 50 nanometers away and contains specialized receptors.